Speech by the Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang, at the 4th Annual Corporate Governance Summit, Kuala Lumpur, on 6 March 2012.<\/p>\n
(On The Topic: Whistleblowers Revisited \u2013 How Effective Has the Enforcement of the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010(WPA) Been in Malaysia?)<\/em> <\/p>\n It gives me pleasure to speak to you today at this 4th Annual Corporate Governance Summit organised here in Kuala Lumpur. I have been asked to speak on the issue of the Whistleblowers Protection Act 2010 (or \u201cWPA\u201d) which was passed by the federal Parliament and has been in force in Malaysia since December 2010. <\/p>\n Many of us here who are interested in corporate governance will have been captivated by the ongoing saga of alleged corruption and mismanagement in the RM250million National Feedlot Centre project. This is a corporate governance issue as well as a national governance issue. The question is will there be any action taken or will be it just be another case of of the RM2.52 billion losses incurred by MAS without anyone being punished and even those that caused losses such as Tan Sri Tajuddin Ramli being let off the hook. <\/p>\n Danaharta had agreed to settle with Tan Sri Tajudin on February 14 without enforcing a High Court decision on December 2009 in Danaharta\u2019s favour ordering Tan Sri Tajudin to pay RM589.14 million to Danaharta, over a loan taken to purchase MAS. Where is the moral hazard? <\/p>\n I think I can summarise my view of the WPA by saying that is not so much a Whistleblowers Protection Act but rather a \u201cWhispering to the Police Act\u201d. When one blows a whistle, everyone can hear. This Act is different. It only protects those who report to the police or other government enforcement agencies under conditions of secrecy. Under the WPA, a whistleblower is supposed to make a report to an enforcement agency such as the police. If the police don\u2019t take any action, that is tough. If the police decide that action should be taken, but the Attorney-General decides not to prosecute, that again is tough. All you have as a whistleblower is the right to be notified of the authorities\u2019 decision, and the right not to have any detrimental action taken against you. <\/p>\n Under the New South Wales Public Interest Disclosure Act, if no action is taken by the enforcement agencies, a whistleblower will be protected if he brings the matter to the attention of a Member of Parliament or the media. In the UK, once he has reported the wrongdoing, or if he reasonably fears retribution from his employer, there is no restriction at all on whom a whistleblower can notify as long as the disclosure in good faith and judged by an employment tribunal to have been reasonable in the circumstances. <\/p>\n However, in Malaysia, it is an offence punishable by a fine of up to RM50,000 and imprisonment of up to 10 years if a whistleblower or the person receiving or investigating the report discloses any information about the person accused of wrongdoing, or any other information disclosed by the whistleblower, to a third party. <\/p>\n Under the WPA, a whistleblower does not enjoy any protection if he decides to communicate his allegation of wrongdoing to a person other than a government enforcement agency. And under the Act, even if the report is made to a government enforcement agency, the protection can be revoked if the enforcement agency is of the opinion that the report \u201cprincipally involves questioning the merits of government policy, including policy of a public body\u201d, or if the whistleblower commits an offence under the Act, such as disclosing the contents of his report to a third party. <\/p>\n I think we can all see that the WPA would have had absolutely no effect in the present cows and condos scandal, as it would not have protected any whistleblower who believed that the Malaysian public deserved to know about how a RM250 million soft loan given for the rearing of cattle was used to buy luxury condominiums in Bangsar and in Singapore. Without any media and public pressure, it is clear that no action would ever be taken and the allegations of wrongdoing in the NFC issue would simply have hushed up by the authorities. <\/p>\n But yet another issue that faces any whistleblower in this country is the fact that any information gained from government sources is routinely deemed to be an official secret, the disclosure of which is punishable under the Official Secrets Act 1972 by imprisonment of a minimum of one year and a maximum of seven years. This is not by any means a hypothetical risk. In 1979, my own father was convicted under the Official Secrets Act when he revealed the purchase price paid by the Government in a Swiss arms deal, though the minimum punishment of one year\u2019s imprisonment was not yet then in place. <\/p>\n Such information should be made public. Whilst any person who has been unjustly defamed or maligned by malicious and false police reports should have the right to sue, the authorities should make available to the truthful whistleblower or the \u201clying\u201d whistleblower as well as to the public all information obtained from such investigations. Even I was sued by the late Tan Sri Eric Chia when I exposed the RM 5 billion Perwaja scandal but I did not obtain the requisite information from the authorities. <\/p>\n The test should always be whether there is real public loss of funds. If there is then the protective safeguards should be in force. If none, then the whistleblower is merely whistling in the wind. More importantly, the MACC or any body authorised to conduct such investigations must be independent, possess powers to prosecute and free from any political oversight and accountable only to Parliament. <\/p>\n It is obvious to me, and I hope also to you, that the WPA will always be ineffective in fighting corruption and corporate wrongdoing involving the Government as long as the Official Secrets Act is not abolished and the culture of secrecy in Government is not replaced by a culture of transparency. Since 2008, both Selangor and Penang have enacted Freedom of Information Enactments that gives the rakyat the right to demand information from the Government instead of giving the Government the right to hide information from the rakyat. <\/p>\n In Penang, we have replaced direct negotiations with open tenders for all major government contracts, and introduced public asset declarations for all elected State Executive Councillors. The Penang state government does not expect any praise for our political commitment and personal obligation to promote integrity in leadership and transparency. However neither did we expect to be pilloried for politicising the public declaration of assets and even allowing Ministers to be endangered if they are compelled to follow suit. <\/p>\n Is our crime or public safety or the performance of Malaysian police so appalling that even Ministers are not safe if they publicly declare public assets? Or should I be walking around under police protection since I am endangered as I have declared my assets. This endangered argument is nothing more than a silly pretext by Ministers who want to hide their assets from public view. Those who hide their assets behind this \u201cendangered\u201d argument only arouse public suspicion that they have unexplained or unaccounted assets. <\/p>\n But to return to the Act that is the subject of this Session, I am afraid to have to conclude that the WPA unfortunately appears to be the product of the old mindset in this country that values secrecy above everything else. I believe that it is now high time for a culture of openness and transparency to become the norm in Malaysia, both in the corporate world and in the world of Government. <\/p>\n The lack of protective safeguards and proactive investigation in the WPA makes no difference for genuine whistleblowers. As long as there is no leadership by example and no moral outrage against those who refuse to comply with international norms of proper behaviour and trustworthy conduct of public assets, laws such as the WPA will only be an empty symbol of our fight against corruption. <\/p>\n Despite laws such as the WPA, Malaysia has suffered a precipitous decline in the rankings of Transparency International\u2019s Corruption Perception Index from 56 in 2010 to 60 last year. For this reason it is political will, national commitment and even personal obligation rather than a single law such as the WPA will determine whether integrity in leadership centred on an ethically based society can be established. Thank you.<\/p>\n —BM translation —<\/p>\n Ucapan Ketua Menteri Pulau Pinang Lim Guan Eng di Sidang Kemuncak Tahunan Tadbir Urus Korporat Ke-4 di Kuala Lumpur pada 6 Mac 2012. <\/p>\n (Atas Topik: Pemberi Maklumat Dikaji Semula \u2013 Adakah Penguatkuasaan Akta Perlindungan Pemberi Maklumat 2010 (WPA) Di Malaysia Selama Ini Efektif?<\/em>) <\/p>\n Keazaman Politik, Komitmen Kebangsaan Serta Kewajipan Peribadi Dan Bukan Undang-Undang Seperti WPA Yang Akan Menentukan Sama Ada Integriti Kepimpinan Yang Berkisar Pada Masyarakat Beretika Boleh Diwujudkan. <\/p>\n Sukacita saya menyampaikan ucapan saya kepada anda pada hari ini di Sidang Kemuncak Tahunan Tadbir Urus Korporat yang ke-4 di Kuala Lumpur. Saya telah diminta untuk mengulas tentang isu Akta Perlindungan Pemberi Maklumat 2010 (\u201cWhistleblower\u2019s Protection Act\u201d atau \u201cWPA\u201d) yang telah diluluskan oleh Parlimen dan sudah pun dilaksanakan sejak Disember 2010. <\/p>\n Ramai di antara kita di sini yang berminat dalam tadbir urus korporat semestinya akan teruja dengan kisah yang berterusan mengenai dakwaan rasuah dan salah urus National Feedlot Centre yang melibatkan jumlah RM250 juta. Ini merupakan isu tadbir urus korporat dan juga isu tadbir urus negara. Soalannya adalah adakah apa-apa tindakan akan diambil ataupun adakah ia akan menjadi lagi satu kes kerugian RM2.52 bilion yang dialami oleh MAS tanpa ada apa-apa tindakan diambil ke atas mereka yang bertanggungjawab, yakni Tan Sri Tajudin Ramli yang tidak dikenakan apa-apa hukuman? <\/p>\n Danaharta telah bersetuju untuk menyelesaikan kes dengan Tan Sri Tajudin tanpa menguatkuasakan keputusan Mahkamah Tinggi pada Disember 2009 yang mengarahkan Tan Sri Tajudin untuk membayar RM589.14 juta kepada Danaharta kerana pinjaman yang telah diambil untuk pembelian MAS. Di manakah bahaya moral atau \u201cmoral hazard\u201d?<\/p>\n Secara kesimpulan, pandangan saya mengenai WPA adalah ia bukanlah Akta Pemberi Maklumat (Whistleblowers Act) tetapi sebenarnya \u201cAkta Membisik Kepada Polis\u201d. Apabila seseorang meniup wisel, semua orang boleh mendengar. Akta ini lain. Ia hanya melindungi mereka yang melaporkan kepada pihak polis atau agensi-agensi penguatkuasa kerajaan di bawah keadaan rahsia. Di bawah WPA, seseorang pemberi maklumat perlu membuat laporan kepada agensi penguatkuasa seperti polis. Jika polis tidak mengambil sebarang tindakan, nasiblah. Jika polis mahu mengambil tindakan tetapi Ketua Peguam Negara tidak mahu mendakwa, nasiblah juga. Sebagai pemberi maklumat, seseorang itu hanya akan diberitahu tentang keputusan pihak berkuasa, serta diberi jaminan bahawa tiada tindakan akan diambil keatasnya. <\/p>\n Di bawah Akta Pendedahan Kepentingan Awam New South Wales, jika tiada tindakan diambil oleh agensi penguatkuasa, si pemberi maklumat akan dilindungi jika beliau membawa perkara tersebut kepada perhatian Ahli Parlimen ataupun media. Di UK, jika si pemberi maklumat mempunyai kebimbangan akan dikenakan hukuman oleh majikan setelah membuat aduan, tidak ada sebarang batasan terhadap siapa si pemberi maklumat itu boleh memberitahu selagi pendedahan maklumat itu dibuat dengan jujur dan diadili tribunal pekerjaan yang berasa tindakannya itu munasabah memandangkan keadaannya. <\/p>\n Sungguhpun begitu, di Malaysia, ia merupakan satu kesalahan yang boleh dihukum denda sampai RM50,000 dan dipenjarakan selama 10 tahun jika seseorang pemberi maklumat atau orang yang menerima atau menyiasat laporan tersebut itu mendedahkan apa-apa maklumat mengenai pesalah yang didakwa, atau apa-apa maklumat yang diberi oleh si pemberi maklumat, kepada pihak ketiga. <\/p>\n Di bawah WPA, si pemberi maklumat tidak akan dilindungi jika beliau mengutarakan dakwaannya kepada mana-mana pihak yang lain daripada agensi penguatkuasa kerajaan. Dan di bawah Akta itu juga, walaupun laporan itu dibuat kepada agensi penguatkuasa kerajaan, perlindungan itu boleh dibatalkan sekiranya agensi penguatkuasa itu berpendapat bahawa laporan itu \u201cmempersoalkan merit dasar kerajaan, termasuk dasar badan-badan kerajaan\u201d, atau jika si pemberi maklumat melakukan kesalahan di bawah Akta tersebut, seperti mendedahkan maklumat laporannya kepada pihak ketiga. <\/p>\n Adalah amat jelas kepada kita semua bahawa WPA itu tidak akan mempunyai apa-apa kesan dalam skandal lembu dan kondo, kerana ia tidak akan melindungi si pemberi maklumat yang telah membuat keputusan untuk memaklumkan rakyat Malaysia tentang salah guna pinjaman mudah RM250 juta yang telah diberi oleh Kerajaan untuk tujuan penternakan lembu tetapi telah digunakan pula untuk pembelian kondominium mewah di Bangsar dan Singapura. Tanpa tekanan awam dan media, adalah jelas bahawa tiada tindakan akan diambil terhadap dakwaan salah urus dalam isu NFC dan segalanya akan ditutup oleh pihak berkuasa.<\/p>\n Lagi satu isu yang dihadapi oleh mana-mana pemberi maklumat dalam negara ini adalah hakikat bahawa apa-apa maklumat yang didapati daripada sumber kerajaan selalunya disifatkan sebagai rahsia rasmi, di mana pendedahannya merupakan kesalahan di bawah Akta Rahsia Rasmi 1972 dan akan mendatangkan hukuman penjara sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun dan maksimum tujuh tahun. Ini bukan sekadar risiko andaian. Pada tahun 1979, ayah saya sendiri telah disabitkan kesalahan di bawah Akta Rahsia Rasmi apabila beliau mendedahkan harga pembelian dalam perjanjian jualbeli senjata Kerajaan dengan syarikat Switzerland, walaupun hukuman minima satu tahun belum lagi dilaksanakan. <\/p>\n Maklumat seperti itu seharusnya dijadikan pengetahuan awam. Sedangkan sesiapa yang difitnah atau ditohmah oleh laporan polis palsu mempunyai hak untuk saman, pihak berkuasa juga harus mendedahkan apa-apa maklumat daripada siasatan berkenaan kepada si pemberi maklumat yang jujur atau yang \u201cmenipu\u201d serta juga kepada pihak awam. Saya sendiri telah disaman oleh mendiang Tan Sri Eric Chia apabila saya mendedahkan skandal Perwaja yang bernilai RM5 bilion tetapi saya tidak mendapat maklumat yang diperlukan daripada pihak berkuasa. <\/p>\n Ujiannya sepatutnya adalah sama ada telah berlaku kerugian dana awam. Sekiranya ada, perlindungan harus dikuatkuasakan. Sekiranya tidak, si pemberi maklumat itu hanya sekadar meniup dalam udara. Lebih penting sekali, SPRM atau pun mana-mana agensi yang menjalankan siasatan seharusnya diberi kuasa pendakwaan dan bebas daripada pengawasan politik dan bertanggungjawab hanya kepada Parlimen. <\/p>\n Adalah jelas kepada saya, dan saya harap kepada anda semua juga, bahawa WPA tidak akan efektif dalam memerangi rasuah dan salah urus korporat yang membabitkan Kerajaan selagi Akta Rahsia Rasmi tidak dimansuhkan dan budaya rahsia di Kerajaan tidak digantikan dengan budaya ketelusan. Sejak 2008, Selangor dan Pulau Pinang sudah pun menggubal Enakmen-enakmen Kebebasan Maklumat yang memberi hak kepada rakyat untuk menuntut maklumat daripada Kerajaan dan bukannya memberi hak kepada Kerajaan untuk menyembunyikan maklumat daripada rakyat. <\/p>\n Di Pulau Pinang, kami telah menggantikan rundingan terus dengan tender terbuka untuk semua kontrak-kontrak besar kerajaan, dan memperkenalkan pengisytiharan harta terbuka untuk semua Ahli-ahli Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri. Kerajaan Negeri Pulau Pinang tidak mengharapkan pujian untuk komitmen politik dan kewajipan peribadi untuk menggalakkan integriti kepimpinan dan ketelusan. Pada masa yang sama, kami pun tidak menjangka bahawa kami akan diserang kerana mempolitikkan pengisytiharan harta secara terbuka dan dituduh ingin membahayakan Menteri-menteri sekiranya mereka dipaksa untuk mengikut jejak langkah kami.<\/p>\n Adakah tahap jenayah atau keselamatan awam atau prestasi polis di Malaysia begitu teruk sampai para Menteri di negara kita tidak akan selamat jika mereka mengisytiharkan harta mereka secara terbuka? Atau adakah saya dilindungi polis kerana saya berada dalam bahaya setelah mengisytiharkan harta saya? Hujah \u201cbahaya\u201d ini tidak lain dan tidak bukan adalah alasan oleh Menteri-menteri yang ingin menyembunyikan harta mereka daripada pengetahuan umum. Mereka yang bersembunyi di belakang hujah \u201cbahaya\u201d ini hanya menimbulkan kesangsian umum bahawa mereka mempunyai harta yang yang tidak dapat dijelaskan. <\/p>\n Kembali kepada Akta yang menjadi tajuk perbincangan, saya terpaksa membuat kesimpulan bahawa WPA malangnya merupakan produk minda lama di negara kita yang mengutamakan rahsia. Saya percaya bahawa sudah tiba masanya untuk budaya terbuka dan telus untuk menjadi kebiasaan di Malaysia, di dunia korporat dan juga di dunia Kerajaan. <\/p>\n Kekurangan perlindungan yang diberi dan siasatan proaktif dalam WPA tidak membawa perbezaan kepada pemberi-pemberi maklumat yang sah. Selagi tidak ada teladan yang ditunjuk oleh kepimpinan dan tidak ada kemarahan umum terhadap mereka yang enggan mematuhi norma-norma antarabangsa dalam tingkah laku yang betul dan pengurusan harta awam yang boleh dipercayai, undang-undang seperti WPA hanya akan menjadi simbol kosong dalam usaha untuk membanteras rasuah. <\/p>\n Walaupun undang-undang seperti WPA telah dilaksanakan, Malaysia telah merudum dalam kedudukan Indeks Persepsi Rasuah Transparency International daripada tangga ke-56 pada tahun 2010 kepada tangga ke-60 tahun lepas. Kerana itu, adalah keazaman politik, komitmen kebangsaan serta juga kewajipan peribadi dan bukan undang-undang seperti WPA yang akan menentukan sama ada integriti kepimpinan yang berkisar pada masyarakat beretika boleh diwujudkan. Sekian, terima kasih.<\/p>\n — Mandarin Version—<\/p>\n \u69df\u5dde\u9996\u5e2d\u90e8\u957f\u6797\u51a0\u82f1\u4e8e2012\u5e743\u67086\u65e5\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u5c4a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1a <\/p>\n \uff08\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u518d\u63a2\u8ba8\u5439\u54e8\u4eba – \u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a2010\u5e74\u4fdd\u62a4\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\uff09<\/em> <\/p>\n \u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u5fd7\u3001 \u56fd\u5bb6\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e49\u52a1\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u80fd\u5426\u6811\u7acb\u4ee5\u4f26\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5ec9\u6b63\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u9760\u4e00\u6761\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5982\uff1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002 <\/strong><\/p>\n \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u53d7\u9080\u9488\u5bf9\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e8e2010\u5e7412\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u751f\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002 <\/p>\n 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<\/p>\n \u56de\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6b63\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u65e7\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u4e3a\u5148\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u8ba9\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\u53ca\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u754c\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n \u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u52c7\u6c14\u5bf9\u4ed8\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u5b88\u5219\u3001\u76d1\u5b88\u81ea\u76d7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u8083\u8d2a\u90fd\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u900f\u660e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8d2a\u6c61\u5370\u8c61\u6307\u6570\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece2010\u5e74\u7b2c56\u540d\uff0c\u964d\u81f3\u53bb\u5e74\u7b2c60\u540d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u5fd7\u3001 \u56fd\u5bb6\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e49\u52a1\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u80fd\u5426\u6811\u7acb\u4ee5\u4f26\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5ec9\u6b63\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u9760\u4e00\u6761\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5982\uff1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5439\u54e8\u4eba\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002 <\/p>\n \u6797\u51a0\u82f1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Speech by the Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang, at the 4th Annual Corporate Governance Summit, Kuala Lumpur, on 6 March 2012. (On The Topic: Whistleblowers Revisited \u2013 How Effective Has the Enforcement of the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010(WPA) Been in Malaysia?) It gives me pleasure to speak to you today at this 4th …<\/p>\n