Malaysia has at long last implemented the feed-in-tariff (FIT) as a means to encourage the generation of renewable energies, be it from the sources of solar, hydro, biogas \/ landfill or biomass \/ solid waste. For the general public, feed-in-tariffs (FIT) are payments per kilowatt-hour for electricity generated by a renewable resource. FITs
\nare thus far, the most successful policy mechanism for stimulating the rapid development of renewable energies in the world, today.<\/p>\n
Germany, Spain, Denmark and over 40 other nations have pioneered policies and legislations, more popularly known as the FIT, since 1991, that have proven to promote the fastest, cheapest and widest growth of renewable energy. As FIT are meant for producers of renewable energy or to increase their production of renewable energy, both individuals and businesses will benefit from it.<\/p>\n
FIT means additional source of income. The RE industry is estimated to generate at least RM70bil worth of revenue for the private sector and this will translate into tax revenue of at least RM1.76bil for the Government by 2020. In order to attract the RE industry for Penang, the state government is considering some form of land pricing incentives which will be announced early next month. <\/p>\n
As for the utility companies, in Malaysia\u2019s case, TNB, it means that there will be lower portfolio generation costs for electricity by using free energy sources in the long-term. I should think that the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) would also be delighted with the implementation of FIT as selling back to the TNB means the electricity
\ngenerated by the renewable energy producers will be connected to the national grid, thus does not require additional transmission lines.<\/p>\n
Renewable energy today accounts for less than 1% of the power generation in Malaysia. Coal constitutes 40% while gas makes up 55%. It is the aspiration of the Malaysian Government to have renewable energy accounting for 5.5% of the entire energy mix by 2015 and 11% by 2020. The usage of renewable energy will lessen environmental damage from exploration and mining activities for fossil fuel such as oil,
\ncoal and natural gas.<\/p>\n
The implementation of FIT is expected to create significant boost in the domestic economy, support environmental sustainability and promotes expediency in reaching \u2018grid parity\u2019 for the government. A 1% levy will be imposed on customers of TNB who consume 300 kwh or RM 77 per month to the Renewable Energy(RE) Fund for the purpose of funding the FIT. As Penang contributes nearly RM 20 million to this
\nfund annually, it is unfair if Penang companies and individuals are unable or do not have the opportunity to benefit at least RM 20 million of these FIT.<\/p>\n
SEDA envisions a scenario where anyone can become an IPP though a nano-IPP at that, by becoming a small clean and sustainable energy producer, generating green electricity (as opposed to fossil-fuelled electricity by the big IPPs) and distribution licensee (such as TNB) is obliged to purchase it. What all this means is that if you have a solar photovoltaic (PV) generator at home, you can apply to connect this generator to the grid, and get paid for selling the electricity generated to TNB over the next 21 years.<\/p>\n
Solar energy is clean, environmentally friendly and has zero emissions. Solar and renewable energy is sustainable as it fulfills Penang state government\u2019s important requirement that resources used today are still available tomorrow. There is no depletion of natural resources and it is one of the fastest growing energy sources in the world.<\/p>\n
The problem is the steps in obtaining a feed-in-approval is not as simple as it seems. Can it be done in 3 simples steps of obtaining quick feed-in approval from the newly-established Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia (Seda Malaysia), sign a renewable energy power purchase agreement (REPPA) with TNB before we install the
\nsolar PV system on your rooftop. We hope today\u2019s session can make it easier for all of us.<\/p>\n
If we invest in a solar PV system now, we can expect a payback period of 8-9 years and lock in the premium rates offered for the next 21 years. The longer the sun shines, the more one can \u201cexport\u201d electricity to the national grid during daylight hours (when power is urgently needed) and earn income. And I have been informed that Penang
\nand Kota Kinabalu possesses the best direct sunlight in Malaysia! Is it not true that Penang has it all, not just food, heritage, hills and beaches but longest sunlight too!<\/p>\n
On Dec 1 2011, Seda Malaysia invited the public including households, small and not-so-big IPPs (maximum size is 30 MW but only 5 MWp rated capacity for solar PV) to apply and book the amount of green electricity they intended to produce to sell it to the distribution licensee. There are fixed quotas for each of the four renewable energy
\nsources namely biomass (including solid waste), biogas (including landfill), small hydro and solar PV. There was overwhelming response to solar PV especially for the non-individuals.<\/p>\n
What is worrying is that the FIT may not be available to Penangites as approval is given on a first-come-first serve basis. As at Dec 7, Seda reported that the total unfulfilled quota for solar PV is 6,650 kW; 1,650 kW to be commissioned by the first half 2013, 2500 kW, each for second half of 2013 and first half of 2014.<\/p>\n
Translating these figures into households, it would mean that about 665 bungalow owners can avail themselves to the remaining capacity (assuming their average capacity is 10 kW). If all of the remaining capacity is taken up by semi-detached owners, the number will increase to 1,330 assuming their installed PV capacity is 5 kW. The figure for
\ntypical link houses, assuming an installed capacity of 3 kW, is 2,217 households. With 1kW installed capacity only 6,651 households benefit. Only 6,651 households throughout Malaysia are qualified and available and only from 2013?<\/p>\n
This is grossly insufficient. The Renewable Energy Fund must be increased from the present RM 300 million by at least another RM1 billion. The time has come for Independent Power Producers or IPPs to plough back their billions of ringgit in annual profits and contribute back to society with RM 1 billion annually to the RE Fund
\nto help develop solar and renewable energy as alternative energy sources. After all if IPPs can benefit nearly RM20 billion from gas subsidies what is RM1 billion to allow all Malaysians to use solar energy and become a nano-IPP by selling back solar energy generated to TNB.<\/p>\n
Nevertheless, my opinion is that the quota for solar, which accounts for 50MW of the 190 MW or 26% of the entire quota for renewable energy for 2011\/2012 is inadequate as the entire quota for solar have been taken up except for some insignificant capacity allocated for individuals. Taking cognisance of the overwhelming response for FIT for solar, I would like to urge SEDA to increase the quota, so that we could expedite the achievement of \u2018grid-parity\u2019, thus making renewable energy the way of life.<\/p>\n
A \u201cfirst-come-first serve\u201d basis for applying for feed-in-tariff (FIT) should be replaced by \u201cfit for all\u201d basis to ensure that all Malaysians that are efficient energy producers benefit to become nano-IPPs according to 1% levy paid and IPPs contribute RM1 billion annually to the Renewable Energy fund. <\/p>\n
—-BM Translation —-<\/p>\n
\u201cFirst- Come- First Serve\u201d yang merupakan asas untuk memohon Feed- in Tariff (FIT) sepatutnya digantikan dengan \u201cFit For All\u201d bagi memastikan semua rakyat Malaysia menikmati manfaat menjadi IPP- nano mengikut 1% cukai yang dibayar dan IPP menyumbangkan RM1 bilion setiap tahun untuk dana tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui ini (Renewable Engergy, RE).<\/strong><\/p>\n Malaysia telah lama melaksanakan Feed- In- Tariff (FIT) sebagai satu cara untuk mengalakkan penjanaan tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui sama ada daripada sumber- sumber seperti solar, hidro, biogas\/ tapak pelupusan atau biomas\/ sisa pepejal. Untuk masyarakat umum, Feed- In- Tariff (FIT) dibayar setiap kilowatt per jam bagi setiap tenaga elektrik yang dijana oleh sumber yang boleh diperbaharui. Setakat ini, FIT merupakan mekanisme yang paling berjaya untuk merangsang pembangunan pesat tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui. <\/p>\n Sejak tahun 1991, Jerman, Sepanyol, Denmark dan lebih 40 negara lain telah mempelopori dasar- dasar dan undang- undang yang dikenali sebagai FIT ini di mana telah terbukti dalam usaha untuk menggalakkan pertumbuhan yang terpantas, termurah dan paling luas bagi tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui. FIT yang dikenali untuk pengeluar tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui atau untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui, kedua- kedua individu dan perniagaan akan menikmati manfaat daripadanya. <\/p>\n FIT bermaksud peluang untuk menambahkan pendapatan. Industi RE menganggarkan penjanaan sekurang- kurangnya RM70bil untuk sektor swasta dan ini akan diterjemahkan kepada cukai pendapatan sebanyak sekurang- kurangnya RM1.76 bil untuk kerajaan pada tahun 2020. Dalam usaha untuk menarik industi RE ke Pulau Pinang, Kerajaan Negeri sedang menimbangkan beberapa bentuk insentif dalam bentuk harga tanah di mana akan diumumkan awal bulan depan. <\/p>\n Bagi syarikat- syarikat utiliti,TNB seperti di Malaysia, ini bermaksud bahawa akan ada portfolio yang lebih rendah untuk kos penjanaan elektrik dengan menggunakan sumber tenaga bebas untuk jangka masa panjang. Saya merasakan bahawa pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO) akan berasa gembira dengan pelaksanaan FIT ini kerana penjualan kembali kepada TNB bermakna tenaga elektrik yang dijana oleh pengeluar tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui akan disambungkan ke jaringan tempatan dan tidak lagi memerlukan jaringan tambahan. <\/p>\n Tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui hari ini kurang daripada 1% daripada penjanaan kuasa di Malaysia. Arang batu sebanyak 40% manakala gas adalah sebanyak 55%. Ini menjadi sumber aspirasi kerajaan Malaysia untuk mempunyai tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui sekurang- kurangnya 5.5% daripada tenaga keseluruhan menjelang tahun 2011 dan 11% pada tahun 2020. Penggunaan tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui akan mengurangkan kerosakan alam sekitar daripada aktiviti carigali dan perlombongan bahan api fosil seperti minyak, arang batu dan gas asli.<\/p>\n Pelaksaan FIT dijangka akan mewujudkan rangsangan ketara dalam ekonomi domestik, menyokong kemampanan alam sekitar dan menggalakkan kesesuaian dalam mencapai ‘grid parity’ untuk kerajaan. Pungutan cukai sebanyak 1% akan dikenakan ke atas pelanggan- pelanggan TNB yang menggunakan 300 kwh atau RM77 sebulan bagi tujuan pembiayaan FIT. Bagi Pulau Pinang yang menyumbang hampir RM20 juta kepada dana ini setiap tahun, adalah tidak adil jika syarikat- syarikat dan rakyat Pulau Pinang tidak berkesempatan dan tidak berpeluang untuk menikmati faedah- faedah sekurang- kuranya RM20 juta untuk FIT.<\/p>\n SEDA mengimpikan satu senario di mana sesiapa sahaja boleh menjadi IPP walau pada masa itu adalah IPP- nano dengan menjadi pengeluar tenaga kecil yang bersih dan mampan, menjana elektrik hijau (sebagai menentang kepada bekalan elektrik fosil yang didorong oleh IPP besar) dan lesen pengagihan (seperti TNB) adalah wajib untuk membelinya. Semua ini bermaksud bahawa jika anda mempunyai penjana solar photovoltaic (PV) di rumah, anda boleh memohon untuk menyambungkan penjana ini ke jaringan dan mendapat bayaran hasil daripada penjualan tenaga elektrik yang dijana kepada TNB dalam tempoh 21 tahun akan datang. <\/p>\n Tenaga solar adalah bersih, mesra alam dan sifar pemancaran. Tenaga solar dan tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui adalah mampan dan memenuhi kehendak kerajaan negeri Pulau Pinang yang sentiasa memastikan sumber- sumber yang digunakan hari ini masih boleh digunakan untuk esok. Tiada pengurangan sumber semulajadi dan ia adalah salah satu sumber tenaga yang paling pesat berkembang di dunia. <\/p>\n Masalahnya sekarang ialah langkah- langkah untuk mendapatkan kelulusan tidaklah semudah yang dijangka. Bolehkah ia dilakukan dalam 3 langkah mudah untuk mendapatkan kelulusan daripada Pihak Berkuasa Pembangunan Tenaga Lestari (SEDA Malaysia) yang baru ditubuhkan, menandatangani perjanjian pembelian kuasa tenaga boleh diperbaharui (REPPA) dengan TNB sebelum kita memasang sistem solar PV di atas bumbung anda. Kita berharap sesi hari ini boleh memudahkan urusan untuk kita semua. <\/p>\n Jika kita melabur dalam sistem solar PV sekarang, kita boleh menjangkakan tempoh bayaran balik adalah selama 8-9 tahun dan ‘mengunci’ kadar premium yang ditawarkan untuk 21 tahun akan datang. Semakin lama matahari bersinar, lagi lama seseorang itu boleh ‘mengesport’ elektrik ke jaringan tempatan pada waktu siang (apabila kuasa amat diperlukan) dan memperolehi pendapatan. Dan saya dimaklumkan bahawa Pulau Pinang dan Kota Kinabalu memiliki sinaran langsung cahaya matahari terbaik di Malaysia. Pulau Pinang bukan sahaja memiliki makanan, tempat warisan, bukit dan pantai tetapi sinaran matahari juga paling lama. <\/p>\n Pada 1 Disember 2011, SEDA Malaysia menjemput masyarakat termasuk perumahan, IPP kecil dan sederhana ( saiz maksimum ialah 30MV tetapi hanya kapasiti 5MWp diberi untuk solar PV) untuk memohon dan menempah jumlah tenaga elektrik hijau yang mereka perlukan untuk menjualkannya kepada pemegang lesen pengagihan. Terdapat kuota tetap untuk setiap satu daripada sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui iaitu biomas (termasuk sisa pepejal), biogas (termasuk tapak pelupusan), hidro kecil dan solar PV. Sambutannya begitu hangat terutama kepada non- individu. <\/p>\n Apa yang membimbangkan ialah FIT mungkin tidak tersedia untuk rakyat Pulau Pinang disebabkan kelulusan diberikan mengikut \u201cFirst-Come \u2013 First Serve\u201d. Pada 7 Disember 2011, SEDA melaporkan bahawa jumlah kuota yang tidak dipenuhi untuk solar PV ialah 6650 kW; 1650 kW untuk separuh pertama 2013, 2500 kW untuk separuh kedua dan separuh pertama 2014, masing- masing. <\/p>\n Kalau diterjemahkan angka- angka ini ke dalam isi rumah, ia bermakna bahawa kira- kira 665 pemilik banglo boleh menikmati manfaat daripada baki kapasiti ini. Sekiranya baki kapasiti diambil oleh pemilik rumah berkembar, angka ini akan meningkat kepada 1330 dengan menganggap kapasiti PV yang dipasang adalah 5 kW. Angka bagi rumah teres biasa, dengan andaian kapasiti yang dipasang 3kW ialah 2217. Dengan kapasiti 1kW yang dipasang, hanya 6651 isi rumah memperolehi manfaat daripadanya. Adakah selepas 2013, hanya 6651 isi rumah di Malaysia layak dan bersesuaian untuk menjana tenaga solar?<\/p>\n Secara kasarnya, ia adalah tidak mencukupi. Dana tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui mesti ditingkatkan daripada sekarang RM300 juta kepada sekurang- kurangnya RM1 bilion. Masanya telah tiba untuk Pengeluar Tenaga Bebas (IPP) untuk membajak kembali kepada masyarakat dengan menyumbangkan RM1 bilion setiap tahun kepada dana yang boleh diperbaharui (RE Fund) untuk membantu membangunkan tenaga solar dan tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui sebagai sumber tenaga alternatif. Selepas itu, jika IPP menerima manfaat hampir RM20 bilion daripada gas subsidi, mengapa tidak dengan hanya RM1 bilion untuk membolehkan semua rakyat Malaysia menggunakan tenaga solar dan menjadi nano- IPP dengan menjual kembali tenaga solar yang dijana untuk TNB.<\/p>\n Walau bagaimanapun, pendapat saya adalah bahawa kuota untuk solar yang mencakupi 50MW daripada 190MW atau 26% daripada keseluruhan kuota untuk tenaga boleh diperbaharui untuk 2011\/2012 adalah tidak mencukupi untuk keseluruhan kuota solar yang telah diambil kecuali beberapa kapasiti tidak penting yang diperuntukkan untuk individu tersebut. Dengan mengambil kira sambutan yang amat menggalakkan bagi FIT untuk solar, saya ingin menggesa SEDA supaya meningkatkan kuota supaya kita dapat mempercepatkan pencapaian ‘grid- parity’ lantas menjadikan tenaga boleh diperbaharui sebagai cara hidup kita. <\/p>\n \u201cFirst- Come- First Serve\u201d yang merupakan asas untuk memohon Feed- in Tariff (FIT) sepatutnya digantikan dengan \u201cFit For All\u201d bagi memastikan semua rakyat Malaysia menikmati manfaat Nano- IPP mengikut 1% cukai yang dibayar dan IPP menyumbangkan RM1 bilion setiap tahun untuk dana tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui.<\/p>\n — Mandarin Translation —-<\/p>\n \u69df\u5dde\u9996\u957f\u6797\u51a0\u82f1\u4e8e2011\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u5728\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5458\u7684\u8bb2\u8bcd\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7535\u529b\u6536\u8d2d\u5236\u5ea6\uff08FIT)\u7684\u201c\u5148\u5230\u5148\u5f97\u201d\u5236\u5e94\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5408\u683c\u8005\u201d\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5927\u9a6c\u56fd\u6c11\u4ece1%\u88ab\u5f81\u7528\u8d39\u7528\u4e2d\u548c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u4e2d\u83b7\u5229\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u5e94\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d21\u732e10\u4ebf\u4ee4\u5409\u4e88\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u57fa\u91d1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n \u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7ec8\u4e8e\u843d\u5b9e\u7535\u529b\u6536\u8d2d\u5236\u5ea6\uff08FIT\uff09\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u3001\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u3001\u6cbc\u6c14\u548c\u6c34\u7535\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u7535\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4f17\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cFIT\u662f\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u5343\u74e6\u53d1\u7535\u7684\u4ed8\u8d39\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0cFIT\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u6210\u529f\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ece1991\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc740\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u6709\u9996\u521b\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660eFTI\u662f\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u6700\u5feb\uff0c\u6700\u4fbf\u5b9c\u548c\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u4f01\u4e1a\u80fd\u4eceFTI\u4e2d\u83b7\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n FIT\u610f\u5473\u989d\u5916\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u4f30\u8ba1\u57282020\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e26\u6765700\u4ebf\u4ee4\u5409\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c1117\u4ebf6\u5343\u4e07\u4ee4\u5409\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7a0e\u6536\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5438\u5f15\u69df\u5dde\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u69df\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u8003\u8651\u5728\u4e0b\u6708\u521d\u5ba3\u5e03\u67d0\u5f62\u5f0f\u571f\u5730\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u516c\u7528\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u80fd\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u957f\u671f\u4eab\u6709\u964d\u4f4e\u53d1\u7535\u6210\u672c\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e94\u8be5\u5584\u7528FTI\u5236\u5ea6\u5356\u7535\u7ed9\u56fd\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7535\u529b\u5c06\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u56fd\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n 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For the general public, feed-in-tariffs (FIT) are payments per kilowatt-hour for electricity generated by a renewable resource. FITs are thus …<\/p>\n